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Who Owns AI-Generated Content? When Copyright Law Meets Creative Technology

Who Owns AI-Generated Content? When Copyright Law Meets Creative Technology

Imagine discovering that an AI system trained on your performances is now generating content that sounds unmistakably like you, but you’re not getting paid. A voice actor hears their distinctive vocal style on an AI-narrated audiobook. A screenwriter finds AI-generated dialogue that mirrors their unpublished script. An indie musician’s signature melody is woven through an AI-composed score.

Can you protect your creative work when algorithms remix and reproduce your expression? What are your rights, and how are courts, unions, and lawmakers responding to these new realities?

Generative AI is transforming entertainment at lightning speed, from voice cloning and screenwriting to AI-powered visual effects. These tools open creative possibilities but also raise urgent questions about copyright, ownership, and who controls your work.

Welcome to the AI Era—New Tools, New Risks

Whether you work in music, film, TV, or digital media, you’ve likely already encountered AI. Maybe you use it to clean up audio, generate visuals, or brainstorm story ideas. Maybe you’ve seen “deepfaked” actors or AI-cloned voices making headlines.

No matter your creative field, new legal questions are emerging—some with no easy answers. This article breaks down what’s happening with AI and copyright, what’s at stake, and what you can do right now to protect yourself.

What Is Generative AI?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to computer programs that “think” like humans—learning, reasoning, and solving problems.

Generative AI tools can create original text, images, music, and video from a simple prompt. They’re trained on massive datasets—books, art, movies, songs, and more—to “learn” how to produce content that feels new, but is built on everything they’ve seen before.

AI and Creative Work

AI tools have gotten very good at generating music, images, scripts, replicas, and voices. For entertainment pros, this brings both creative opportunities and legal headaches.

  • AI can automate routine tasks:

AI streamlines routine work like auto-generating subtitles, creating rough video edits, transcribing content, and translating material into multiple languages. Adobe’s Premiere Pro, for example, now includes AI-powered tools for automatic subtitle generation.

  • Creative content generation:

From AI-written scripts to computer-generated music, visual effects, and entire performances—AI can now create content that once required human artists. Tools like DALL-E, Midjourney, and ChatGPT are being used to generate everything from concept art to dialogue, and Sora, OpenAI’s text-to-video model, generates realistic videos from text prompts.

  • Hyper-realistic voice and image cloning:

AI can create hyper-realistic replicas of voices, faces, and performances. Whether it’s de-aging actors (like in Robert Zemeckis’ Here movie), creating virtual performers, or cloning distinctive vocal styles for audiobooks and commercials—the technology is here and improving rapidly.

  • Recommendation engines:

Netflix, Spotify, and other streaming platforms use AI to analyze viewing habits and recommend content, fundamentally changing how audiences discover entertainment.

Studios and independent creators alike are integrating AI into every stage of production—from pre-visualization to post-production. But as these tools become more powerful, questions of ownership, authorship, and fair compensation have never been more urgent or unclear.

Copyright and AI Output: Who Owns AI-Generated Content?

The central legal question today is: Can you copyright something made with AI? If an AI helps make music, art, or a script, who owns what it produces? The answer depends on one word: Authorship.

Thaler v. Perlmutter (2023)

In this landmark case, the U.S. Copyright Office refused to register artwork created solely by AI. Stephen Thaler tried to copyright images made by his “Creativity Machine,” which acted entirely on its own, with no human involvement. The federal court upheld the Copyright Office’s decision: only human beings can be “authors.” If a work is 100% AI-generated, it’s not eligible for copyright protection—meaning anyone can use or adapt it, unless some other legal standard (like contract law) applies.

Under U.S. law, copyright arises the moment an original work of authorship is fixed in a tangible form—but only if a human created it. So, while you can use AI as a tool, only your original, creative contributions are copyrightable. The more creative control you have, the more likely you’ll own the copyright.

If you use AI to assist (not replace) your creative process, document your decisions. The more you can show your own creative role, the stronger your claim to copyright.

Copyright Law Meets AI Input

Landmark disputes are actively reshaping the boundaries of creative rights in the AI era. What rights do you have if AI is trained on your work or likeness?

Authors Guild v. OpenAI (2023–)

The Authors Guild and several well-known writers are suing OpenAI for using their books, scripts, and recordings to “train” large language models without permission or payment. The Guild argues that this is massive copyright infringement; OpenAI claims their use is “transformative” and fair use.

This case raises critical questions:

  • Is training AI on copyrighted works “fair use,” or do creators deserve payment and consent?
  • Does AI-generated output compete with the original work?
  • Should creators be compensated if AI learns from their work?

The courts have yet to resolve these issues. For now, creators should:

  • Monitor if their work is used to train AI.
  • Ask their reps for contract language addressing AI rights and compensation.

AI in the Unions: SAG-AFTRA, WGA, DGA Strikes

The recent strikes by SAG-AFTRA, WGA, and DGA weren’t just about traditional pay—they centered on AI protections. Unions fought for:

  • Consent before digital replicas can be created.
  • Compensation when AI uses a performance.
  • Limits on how much AI can be used to replace human writers, actors, or directors.

The resulting agreements provide a model: require explicit consent and fair pay for AI uses, and restrict unchecked use of AI in creative roles.

Never sign away your AI rights “in perpetuity.” Always check contracts for AI, voice, image, and likeness language.

Right of Publicity: Protecting Your Name, Image, and Voice

Your voice and likeness are part of your brand, and AI can now replicate both with startling accuracy. Voice actors, in particular, have raised concerns about AI systems generating unlimited dialogue from limited original recordings, without fair compensation.

Current law offers some protection, especially in California and New York, which have statutes prohibiting unauthorized digital replicas. However, protection varies by state, and there is no federal right of publicity—yet.

When negotiating contracts:

  • Define what counts as a digital replica.
  • Require explicit consent for any AI training or synthesis.
  • Set compensation structures for AI uses.

If an AI-generated song, script, or artwork is “substantially similar” to your work, that could also constitute copyright infringement.

The proposed federal NO FAKES Act would make it unlawful to create digital replicas of anyone, living or dead, without their consent.

 

Deepfakes, Ethics, and the Value of Human Creativity

AI now creates deepfakes so realistic they can be used for fraud, defamation, or reputational harm. Unions and lawmakers are calling for labeling AI-generated content and requiring consent for digital replicas.

AI should assist, not exploit or replace, human creativity. Your voice, vision, and creative input remain essential.

Practical Guidance: What Should You Do Right Now

  • Audit your contracts: Do they cover AI rights?
  • Negotiate for AI protections: Get it in writing.
  • Document your creative process: Especially when AI tools are involved.
  • Monitor for unauthorized uses: Be proactive about your rights.

Specific Tips:

  • Musicians: Monitor for AI voice clones, register your copyrights, and enforce your rights.
  • Writers/Screenwriters: Negotiate for AI limits and protections; keep informed about your work’s use in AI training.
  • Actors/Voice Talent: Set clear boundaries on voice/image use and duration. SAG-AFTRA’s new contract requires consent and compensation for digital replicas—demand this in your own agreements.
  • Filmmakers: Keep control over AI tools in your workflow. Document your role to secure copyright in your work.

Where Do We Go from Here?

  • Congress, the Copyright Office, and courts are just beginning to address these challenges.
  • Expect more regulation, like the EU’s AI Act, and industry-wide fights for fairer deals.
  • Stay vigilant, informed, and proactive in all contracts and negotiations.

Final Thoughts: Protect Your Creative Future

The collision of AI and entertainment law isn’t just a legal curiosity—it’s changing how creators work and get paid. Don’t assume you’re protected by old contracts or outdated copyright law. Every new work, deal, and tool now has AI implications.

Human creativity, protected by evolving law and collective action, is still at the center of this industry. Stay informed, negotiate smart, and don’t hesitate to seek legal guidance.

If you are interested in how AI impacts not just creative ownership but also the use of actors’ likenesses, explore our blog Deepfake Contracts: Protecting Actors in the Age of Digital Doubles. It explains how contracts can shield performers from unauthorized digital replicas.

Have questions or need a review of your contract, copyright, or AI rights? Contact Rodriques Law. We help creators protect their vision—no matter what the future brings.

Rodriques Law, PLLC
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